1) The systolic blood pressure is when the heart contracts, and the diastolic blood pressure is when the heart relaxes. The systolic number will always be higher than the diastolic number because it takes more pressure to squeeze blood out of the heart through the body than to relax and return less blood to the heart.
2) A stethoscope is used to measure heart rate by counting the number of heart beats heard in 30 seconds and multiplying by 2. A blood pressure cuff, or sphygmomanometer, is used to measure blood pressure by cutting off the blood circulation and slowly releasing the constriction.
3)Using your thumb to measure pulse is not ideal because there is a pulse in your thumb and when taking other people's heart rates you can begin to count your own rate rather than someone else's.
4)To use a blood pressure cuff, you first put the cuff around the upper arm and make sure the air bladder is deflated. Place the stethoscope just under the cuff and inflate fairly quickly. Watch the pressure gauge and stop squeezing around 150 mmHg when a pulse cannot be heart anymore. Slowly open the valve and listen for the return of the heart beat and note the number, and when you can no longer hear the heart beat as well. The systolic blood pressure over the diastolic pressure is the final blood pressure.
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